It is helpful to know that a DS3 connection is comprised up of two monthly charges. One is the local loop and the port charge. The local loop charge is the cost of the circuit provided by the Local Exchange Carrier (LEC) that allows DS3 access into the carrier’s network. The loop charge is based on the distance from the customer’s location to the edge of the carrier’s network; the farther the customer is from the network, the more the loop will cost. Nearly every carrier prices loops differently so it is in your best interest to price DS3 service with several providers to ensure that you walk away satisfied.

A DS3 line is also called a T3 line, which can be confusing to most who are not familiar with internet lingo. DS3 is a high-speed connection that is capable of transmitting data at up to 45 Mbps. A DS3 line is equal to approximately 672 regular voice-grade telephone lines, which is fast enough to transmit full-motion, real-time video, and very large databases over a busy network.

A DS3 line is installed as a major networking artery for large corporations and universities with high-volume network traffic. Other example applications include large call centers, enterprise wide VoIP and IP PBX systems, Internet service providers, research labs, video conference centers and software development companies. A DS3 is the second fastest, non-optical connection offered in North America. A DS3 line is comprised of 28 T1 lines, each operating at total signaling rate of 1.544 Mbps.

Digital Signal consists of cataloging digital circuits according to the rate and format of the signal and the equipment providing the signals (T). DS and T designations are used synonymously. Therefore, DS1 means T1, and DS3 implies T3. In addition, DS3 circuits provide businesses and Internet Service Providers (ISPs) with up to 45 Mb/s of dedicated Internet connectivity. This is an ideal solution for users who have outgrown their T1 connections and are in search of unlimited, high-capacity access. A DS3 line actually consists of 672 individual channels, each of which supports 64 Kb/s. DS3 lines are extremely high bandwidth connections into a carrier’s backbone. They typically include SLAs (Service Level Agreements) that guarantee uptime and performance.

DS Internet Access is the ideal solution for businesses that require high-bandwidth access at a reduced price. Whether you host high-traffic Web sites, support Web hosting or need high-capacity bandwidth on an as-needed basis, there’s a level of DS3 service (Full or fractional) that will meet your needs. Fractional to full DS3 or T3 circuits run from speeds of 3 Mbps up to 45 Mbps.

The 28 DS1 signals are multiplexed into seven DS2 signals. Then, the seven DS2 signals are multiplexed into one DS3 signal. Each multiplexing step uses bit stuffing to handle the different input frequencies. Overhead bits provide alignment, error checking, in-band communications, and bit stuffing control information.

For more resource about T3 or even about DS3 Line and espcially about T3 Line please click these links.

Tapas: uniquely Spanish dishes from the Spanish word ‘tapar’ which means to ‘cover’ in Spanish, thought to come about as a result of Innkeepers in bygone days, covering glasses of wine with small plates of cheese or sausage, to stop flies and mosquitoes flying in?



Others say that tapas began to be served at the entrance to Inns, to satisfy the hunger of travellers who would halt briefly on their journeys, but had no time to get down from their horses or carriages even for a bite to eat and a glass of wine: hence, a small snack (the tapar ,or ‘cover’) was passed to them on top of the wine for a quick bite and drink!



Whatever the reason for the ‘tapar’ I promised myself that one day I would open a Restaurant (or two or three), specialising in this wonderful and uniquely Spanish way, of ‘fun dining’ in sharing these wonderfully simply but incredibly tasty dishes, with family and friends.

Unlike a lot of British citizens, I did not discover Spain until later in life, when I was asked (some twenty years ago), to carry out some work for Shell España as a Consultant in the Offshore Oil & Gas business.

At that time we were based in San Carlos de la Rapita, a beautiful area in the Ebro Delta, Catalunya, where absolutely no-one spoke any English (mainly Catalan) , but where I could get by learning the basics of Castilian Spanish (also useful everywhere else in Spain)!

My travels with Shell took me to the North of Spain (Santander, Gijon…) and to Madrid, where, after this short amount of experience in Spain, I realised what I might have been missing in life!

From that moment on, I immersed myself into the culture of the Spanish, the food, the fiestas, the excitement, the colour, the music, the dance, I embraced it all with a great deal of enthusiasm, and have done ever since.

As a keen amateur cook, I have always tried my hand at the local dishes wherever I had lived, but traditional Spanish dishes blew me away and I absolutely loved the idea of the Tapa, where small tasty dishes can be shared with family and friends; never feeling ‘full’ always feeling as if you need another bite; such an incredible variety of seafood, meats, chorizos (spicy Spanish Sausage), shellfish, vegetables……..

Hence, many years later and with an apartment in my favourite City of Barcelona, having travelled throughout Spain and with a great deal more business experience; the first ‘Tapas Tree’ business investments emerged at Clark Quay, Singapore, some four years ago.

Through personal contacts: identifying the correct site for our first restaurant, researching many restaurants overseas for the chefs who could cook my favourite dishes in their truly authentic fashion, designers who could help me simulate the ‘Spanish feel’ in my restaurants, the selection of products from Spain, wines, etc…….

This gave birth to The Tapas Tree Group business franchise: now with three Singapore restaurants business investments of various size and location operating profitably and looking towards more Singapore franchise opportunities and franchise opportunities overseas; we are by far the most original in South East Asia, for our food, our ambience and our designs, from our hand-made mosaic tables, our eye for getting the Spanish ‘look’ through the use of terracotta, wrought iron and red brick, to the personal photographs I have on display; not forgetting of course the images of one of Spain’s most prolific and in-demand Flamenco Dance Photographers, Ana Palma! Our Spanish customers call us, ‘That little bit of Spain, in South East Asia’, a title that I am immensely proud of!

Astreem Corporation is the franchise consultants for The Tapas Tree Group who are the franchise opportunities partner for businesses that are looking for franchise business opportunities in the Singapore bar and restaurant franchise market of interest. Astreem is constantly on the lookout for franchise opportunities for The Tapas Tree regionally and internationally.

Structural drawings commonly show the dimensions, locations, connections and reinforcing of the structural members in appropriate scale and detail to facilitate planning, fabrication, erection and connection purposes. It helps contractor in putting the components in a right sequence.

Structural drawings must designate the complete extent and detail of the work. These drawings must include following details but may vary depending on the requirements and available materials:

(a) Structural Notes:

# Design criteria indicating all superimposed vertical and horizontal loads used in the design including live, snow, earthquake, wind and dead loads not shown on the structural drawings.

# Brief material specifications;

# Absolute or relative deflection criteria for structural members;

# Pertinent design standards;

(b) Foundation Plans and Schedules:

# Allowable soil-bearing capacity and lateral earth pressures for retaining structures;

# Sizes, locations, dimensions and details of all foundations;

# Estimated pile length or source of this information;

(c) Roof and Floor framing plans and details:

# Sizes, locations, dimensions and details of all structural elements;

# Lateral load resisting system;

# Governing forces, moments or shears required for the preparation of shop & detail drawings;

# Reinforcing bar sizes and details with fabrication and placing criteria;

# Locations, sizes and reinforcing of significant openings;

(d) Schedules and Details for Columns, Beams and Walls:

# Element sizes;

# Elevation of bottom of columns;

# Reinforcing steel and splice details for concrete columns;

# Splice locations for structural steel columns;

(e) Connections:

# Where connections are specified to be designed by Specialty Structural Engineers, indicate on the contract drawings all required information and governing forces.

# The SER shall consider the design of the connections when sizing the structural members,

# Show general arrangement and details at intersections of different structural materials.

(g) Sequence of construction, if this is critical to the functioning of the finished structure;

For any queries related to structural steel drawing services email us at info@outsourcingsteeldetailing.com

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